.NET Framework - .NET Interview Questions and Answers

3. List the new features added in .NET Framework 4.0.

The following are the new features of .NET Framework 4.0:

• Improved Application Compatibility and Deployment Support
• Dynamic Language Runtime
• Managed Extensibility Framework
• Parallel Programming framework
• Improved Security Model
• Networking Improvements
• Improved Core ASP.NET Services
• Improvements in WPF 4
• Improved Entity Framework (EF)
• Integration between WCF and WF

4. What is an IL?

Intermediate Language is also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). All .NET source code is compiled to IL. IL is then converted to machine code at the point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler.

Bank Interview Questions

1.    Tell me about yourself.
2.    What are your greatest strengths?
3.    What are your greatest weaknesses?
4.    Why are you leaving (or did you leave) this position?
5.    Why should I hire you?
6.    Aren’t you overqualified for this position?
7.    Where do you see yourself five years from now?
8.    Describe your ideal company, location and job.
9.    Why do you want to work at our company?
10.    What are your career options right now?
11.    Why have you been out of work so long?
12.    Tell me honestly about the strong points and weak points of your boss (company, management team,etc.)…
13.    What good books have you read lately?
14.    Tell me about a situation when your work was criticized.
15.    What are your outside interest?
16.    How do you feel about reporting to a younger person (minority, woman, etc)?
17.    Looking back, what would you do differently in your life?
18.    Could you have done better in your last job?
19.    Can you work under pressure?
20.    What makes you angry?
21.    Why aren’t you earning more money at this stage of your career?
22.    Who has inspired you in your life and why?
23.    What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?
24.    Tell me about the most boring job you’ve ever had.
25.    Have you been absent from work more than a few days in any previous position?
26.    What changes would you make if you came on board?
27.    How do you feel about working nights and weekends?
28.    Are you willing to relocate or travel?
29.    Why have you had so many jobs?
30.    What do you see as the proper role/mission of… …a good (job title you’re seeking); …a good manager;
31.    How could you have improved your career progress?
32.    You’ve been with your firm a long time.  Won’t it be hard switching to a new company?
33.    What was the toughest challenge you’ve ever faced?
34.    Have you consider starting your own business?
35.    What are your goals?
36.    What do you for when you hire people?
37.    Sell me this stapler…(this pencil…this clock…or some other object on interviewer’s desk)
38.    What was the toughest part of your last job?
39.    How do you define success…and how do you measure up to your own definition?.
40.    “The Opinion Question” – What do you think about …Abortion…The President…The Death Penalty…(or any other controversial subject)?
41.    If you won $10 million lottery, would you still work?
42.    Looking back on your last position, have you done your best work?
43.    Why should I hire you from the outside when I could promote someone from within?
44.    Tell me something negative you’ve heard about our company…
45.    On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Questions on .net framework .........

1. What is .NET Framework?

.NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to develop, run, and deploy the following applications:

• Console applications
• Windows Forms applications
• Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications
• Web applications (ASP.NET applications)
• Web services
• Windows services
• Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
• Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)

.NET Framework also enables a developer to create sharable components to be used in distributed computing architecture. NET Framework supports the object-oriented programming model for multiple languages, such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++. .NET Framework supports multiple programming languages in a manner that allows language interoperability. This implies that each language can use the code written in some other language.

 

2. What are the main components of .NET Framework?

.NET Framework provides enormous advantages to software developers in comparison to the advantages provided by other platforms. Microsoft has united various modern as well as existing technologies of software development in .NET Framework. These technologies are used by developers to develop highly efficient applications for modern as well as future business needs. The following are the key components of .NET Framework:

• .NET Framework Class Library
• Common Language Runtime
• Dynamic Language Runtimes (DLR)
• Application Domains
• Runtime Host
• Common Type System
• Metadata and Self-Describing Components
• Cross-Language Interoperability
• .NET Framework Security
• Profiling
• Side-by-Side Execution

.NET Assemblies

In classic Win32 development environments, such as Visual Basic 6 or Visual C++, your
source code is parsed by compilers that produce binary executable files that can be immediately interpreted and run by the operating system. This affects both standalone applications and dynamic/type libraries. Actually Win32 applications, built with Visual Basic 6 and C++, used a runtime, but if you had applications developed with different programming languages, you also had to install the appropriate runtimes. In.NET development things are quite different. Whatever .NET language you create applications with, compilers
generate an assembly, which is a file containing .NET executable code and is composed
essentially by two kinds of elements: MSIL code and metadata. MSIL stands for Microsoft
Intermediate Language and is a high-level assembly programming language that is also
object-oriented, providing a set of instructions that are CPU-independent (rather than
building executables that implement CPU-dependent sets of instructions). MSIL is a
common language in the sense that the same programming tasks written with different
.NET languages produce the same IL code. Metadata is instead a set of information related
to the types implemented in the code. Such information can contain signatures, functions
and procedures, members in types, and members in externally referenced types. Basically
metadata’s purpose is describing the code to the .NET Framework. Obviously, although an
assembly can have .exe extension, due to the described structure, it cannot be directly
executed by the operating system. In fact, when you run a .NET application the operating
system can recognize it as a .NET assembly (because between .NET and Windows there is a
strict cooperation) and invoke the Just-In-Time compiler.
The Execution Process and the Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler
.NET compilers produce assemblies that store IL code and metadata. When you launch an
assembly for execution, the .NET Framework packages all the information and translates
them into an executable that the operating system can understand and run. This task is
the responsibility of the Just-In-Time (JIT)compiler. JIT compiles code on-the-fly just
before its execution and keeps the compiled code ready for execution. It acts at the
method level. This means that it first searches for the application’s entry point (typically
the Sub Main) and then compiles other procedures or functions (methodsin .NET terminology) referenced and invoked by the entry point and so on, just before the code is
executed. If you have some code defined inside external assemblies, just before the
method is executed the JIT compiler loads the assembly in memory and then compiles the
code. Of course loading an external assembly in memory could require some time and
affect performance, but it can be a good idea to place seldom-used methods inside external assemblies, the same way as it could be a good idea to place seldom-used code inside
separated methods.

Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework

C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to create traditional Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server applications, database applications, and much, much more. Visual C# provides an advanced code editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to make it easier to develop applications based on version 4.0 of the C# language and version 4.0 of the .NET Framework.
C# Language

.NET Framework Platform Architecture

C# programs run on the .NET Framework, an integral component of Windows that includes a virtual execution system called the common language runtime (CLR) and a unified set of class libraries. The CLR is the commercial implementation by Microsoft of the common language infrastructure (CLI), an international standard that is the basis for creating execution and development environments in which languages and libraries work together seamlessly.
Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms to the CLI specification. The IL code and resources, such as bitmaps and strings, are stored on disk in an executable file called an assembly, typically with an extension of .exe or .dll. An assembly contains a manifest that provides information about the assembly's types, version, culture, and security requirements.
When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which might take various actions based on the information in the manifest. Then, if the security requirements are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL code to native machine instructions. The CLR also provides other services related to automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code that is executed by the CLR is sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to "unmanaged code" which is compiled into native machine language that targets a specific system. The following diagram illustrates the compile-time and run-time relationships of C# source code files, the .NET Framework class libraries, assemblies, and the CLR.
Language interoperability is a key feature of the .NET Framework. Because the IL code produced by the C# compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL code generated from C# can interact with code that was generated from the .NET versions of Visual Basic, Visual C++, or any of more than 20 other CTS-compliant languages. A single assembly may contain multiple modules written in different .NET languages, and the types can reference each other just as if they were written in the same language.
In addition to the run time services, the .NET Framework also includes an extensive library of over 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide a wide variety of useful functionality for everything from file input and output to string manipulation to XML parsing, to Windows Forms controls. The typical C# application uses the .NET Framework class library extensively to handle common "plumbing" chores.

CHAPTER 1 Introducing the .NET Framework 4.0

What Is the .NET Framework?

Microsoft .NET Framework is a complex technology that provides the infrastructure for building, running, and managing next generation applications. In a layered representation, the .NET Framework is a layer positioned between the Microsoft Windows operating system and your applications. .NET is a platform but also is defined as a technologybecause it is composed of several parts such as libraries, executable tools, and relationships and integrates with the operating system. Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 relies on the new version of the .NET Framework 4.0. Visual Basic 2010, C# 4.0, and F# 2010 are .NET languages that rely on and can build applications for the .NET Framework 4.0. The new version of this technology introduces important new features that will be described later. In this chapter you get an overview of the most important features of the.NET Framework so that you will know how applications built with Visual Basic 2010 can run and how they can be built.